Dr Prashant Jain

The kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood and producing urine, which normally flows one way — from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder. In some children, urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters and kidneys. This condition is known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). It is relatively common in infants and young children and affects nearly 10% of the pediatric population. If left untreated, VUR can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney scarring, impaired renal function, and high blood pressure later in life. Early evaluation and timely Vesicoureteral Reflux Surgery Child in Delhi can help protect a child’s kidneys and long-term health. Why Does Vesicoureteral Reflux Occur? Normally, a valve mechanism at the point where the ureter joins the bladder prevents urine from flowing backward. In primary VUR, this valve is underdeveloped or defective, allowing urine to reflux into the ureters. This condition may affect one or both kidney...

Hirschsprung’s disease is a congenital disorder that primarily affects the large intestine and, in some cases, a portion of the small intestine. The condition occurs due to the absence of specialized nerve cells, known as ganglion cells, in a segment of the bowel. These nerve cells are essential for coordinating peristalsis — the wave-like muscle contractions that move stool through the intestine. Without them, the affected bowel segment cannot relax, leading to functional blockage and severe constipation. Early diagnosis and timely Hirschsprung Disease Treatment in India are crucial to prevent complications such as bowel enlargement, infection, and impaired growth. Why Hirschsprung’s Disease Develops: During fetal development, nerve cells migrate along the intestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. In children with Hirschsprung’s disease, this migration stops prematurely, leaving part of the intestine without nerve supply. As a result, stool cannot pass through normally, causing ac...

Pelvi Ureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO) is a condition in which there is narrowing or blockage at the junction where the kidney pelvis meets the ureter. This obstruction interferes with the normal flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. As urine accumulates, it causes kidney swelling, a condition known as hydronephrosis. If left untreated, prolonged back pressure can impair kidney function and may eventually result in permanent kidney damage or a non-functioning kidney. Early identification and timely Pelvi Ureteric Junction Obstruction Treatment Delhi play a vital role in preserving long-term renal health, especially in children. How Common Is PUJ Obstruction? PUJO is one of the most frequent congenital urinary tract conditions. It is present in approximately 1 in every 1,500 children and is the leading cause of hydronephrosis detected during prenatal ultrasound scans. Many cases are identified before birth, allowing early postnatal monitoring and intervention when required....

A choledochal cyst is a rare congenital condition in which a child is born with abnormal dilatation or cystic swelling of the bile duct. The bile duct plays a crucial role in transporting bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine, aiding digestion. When this drainage pathway is abnormal or obstructed, bile flow becomes impaired, leading to pain, jaundice, infections, and digestive issues. Early diagnosis and timely Choledochal Cyst in Children Treatment in Delhi are essential to prevent long-term liver damage and cancer risk in adulthood. Why Choledochal Cyst Occurs: Medical experts believe choledochal cysts develop due to an abnormal junction between the bile duct and pancreatic duct. Normally, these ducts join just before entering the intestine. When this junction is faulty, pancreatic enzymes may reflux into the bile duct, causing inflammation, weakening of the duct wall, and cyst formation. Obstruction at the lower end of the bile duct can also contribute to this ...

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteral reflux, is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters, and in some cases, back into the kidneys. Normally, urine flows in a single direction—from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder—supported by a valve-like mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder. When this mechanism fails, urine may reflux, causing repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and increasing the risk of kidney damage. This condition is most often diagnosed in infants and young children. Depending on the severity, VUR is graded from Grade 1 (mildest) to Grade 5 (most severe). Many children may outgrow the condition as their urinary tract matures, but in more advanced cases, medical or surgical intervention may be necessary. Types and Causes of Vesicoureteric Reflux: VUR is classified into two categories: Primary VUR – The most common form, usually due to an underdeveloped ureterovesical junction....

Anorectal malformation in India (ARM) —also known as imperforate anus or absent anal opening —is a congenital defect in which the rectum and anus do not develop properly during early pregnancy. This condition prevents a newborn from passing stool normally and requires surgical intervention soon after birth. ARM is relatively rare, occurring in approximately 1 in every 5,000 live births , with a slightly higher incidence in male infants . What Happens in Anorectal Malformation? In a baby born with this condition, several abnormalitie      s may be observed: The anal opening may be absent , misplaced, or too narrow. The rectum may end blindly or connect abnormally to the urinary tract , bladder , vagina , or vestibule , leading to infection risk or bowel obstruction . In severe cases, the rectum, urinary system, and reproductive organs may merge into a single common channel known as a cloaca , through which both urine and stool pass. How Is It Diagnosed? T...

Hirschsprung’s disease is a congenital condition that primarily affects the large intestine (colon) and is characterized by the absence of nerve cells (ganglion cells) in a portion of the bowel. These nerve cells play a crucial role in regulating peristalsis—the muscular contractions that help move food and stool through the digestive tract. In the absence of these cells, the affected segment of the intestine becomes non-functional, leading to blockage, chronic constipation, and abdominal distension. During fetal development, nerve cells normally grow from the top of the gastrointestinal tract (starting at the esophagus) to the bottom (ending at the anus). In children with Hirschsprung’s disease, this migration is incomplete, leaving part of the colon without nerve cells. As a result, the muscles in that section cannot properly contract, preventing the normal movement of stool. This condition is more common in males than females and usually becomes apparent in the neonatal period. Ho...